Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging, leading to decreased muscle strength and physical performance.

Sarcopenia does not only affect the elderly. Starting at age 40, muscle mass gradually declines, with the rate of loss increasing after age 70. Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle are particularly vulnerable to ongoing muscle loss.

Chronic conditions like diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome can worsen muscle loss and create a cycle that exacerbates sarcopenia.

Warning Sign: Be alert for calf muscle circumference measurements of less than 34 cm for men and 33 cm for women, as this may indicate insufficient muscle mass.

How is Sarcopenia Related to Cancer Patients?

Cancer patients often undergo intense treatments, such as chemotherapy, which can cause side effects like loss of appetite. This can lead to weight loss and loss of muscle mass. Research shows that cancer patients with sarcopenia tend to experience more severe side effects from chemotherapy, which can significantly affect their overall survival.

It can be evaluated using three key criteria:

1. Hand Grip Strength: Less than 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women.
2. Walking Speed: Less than 1 meter per second.
3. Muscle Mass: Less than 7 kg/m² for men and 5.7 kg/m² for women, as measured by medical imaging (e.g., CT scan).

1. Eat Enough Calories and Protein: A balanced diet is crucial. Protein is especially important for building and maintaining muscle. Aim for 1 - 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of your body weight each day.
2. Get Enough Vitamin D: Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium for strong bones and supports muscle function and strength.
3. Do Resistance Training: Engaging in resistance exercises, like using resistance bands or lifting weights, can help increase muscle mass and strength, improving overall muscle performance.